Articles Posted in Recovery Audit Contractors (RACs)

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On December 18, 2013, Congress enacted legislation extending the Medicare therapy cap until March 31, 2014. The 2014 outpatient therapy cap limits are $1,920 for physical therapy and speech-language pathology services combined, and $1,920 for occupational therapy services. In order to qualify for an exception to the therapy cap limits and continue to receive Medicare reimbursement, therapists must first document the need for medically reasonable and necessary services in the beneficiary’s medical record and, separately, the therapist must indicate on the Medicare claim for services that the outpatient therapy services above the therapy cap are medically reasonable and necessary. Further, starting January 1, 2014, the Medicare outpatient therapy cap limits will also apply to therapy services performed in critical access hospitals.

Providers that meet or exceed the $3,700 threshold in therapy expenditures will be subject to a manual review. The manual review process for 2013 is not expected to change in 2014. Under the manual medical review process, Recovery Audit Contractors (RACs) will conduct either prepayment or postpayment review for claims exceeding $3,700 depending on the state. Currently, only Florida, California, Michigan, Texas, New York, Louisiana, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Ohio, North Carolina and Missouri are subject to prepayment review, while the rest of the nation is subject to postpayment review.

A bill that is currently working its way through Congress seeks to permanently repeal the therapy caps. The Medicare Access to Rehabilitation Act has bipartisan support and its sponsors argue that an arbitrary cap on outpatient services without regard to clinical need discriminates against some of the most vulnerable and needy Medicare recipients.

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Recently, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) announced that, effective February 22, Recovery Audit Contractors (RACs) may no longer send additional documentation requests (ADRs) to providers for post-payment audits. In addition, February 28 is the last day a Medicare Administrative Contractor (MAC) may send prepayment ADRs for the RAC Prepayment Review Demonstration. According to CMS, this pause in ADRs is being implemented to allow the RACs to complete all outstanding claim reviews by the end of their current contracts. Furthermore, CMS stated that this pause will also allow CMS to continue to refine and improve the RAC program. This announcement was published less than a week after the Office of Medicare Hearings and Appeals (OMHA) Medicare Appellant Forum, which was held to address the current backlog of cases pending at the ALJ level of appeal.

It appears that, as a result of provider input as well as recent legislative participation, CMS is recognizing the challenges to providers of intense RAC scrutiny and withholding of payment without the corresponding appeal rights afforded under the statute. From this notice, we are hopeful that the ADRs will cease virtually immediately from the RACs and that, as of June 1, the MAC will not be able to effectuate offset for initial denials by the RACs. Hopefully, this will provide some needed relief to Medicare providers and give OMHA a chance to reduce its backlog so that, in the future, providers may receive due process in the timely manner that they are entitled to.

Wachler & Associates will continue to keep you updated on CMS’s changes to the RAC program and appeals process. If you need assistance in your defense of a Medicare audit, or have questions pertaining to best practices for appealing to the ALJ, please contact an experienced health care attorney at Wachler & Associates at 248-544-0888 or wapc@wachler.com

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This morning, Andrew Wachler, managing partner of Wachler & Associates, appeared on RACmonitor’s special coverage of the ALJ Appellant Forum taking place today in Washington. Mr. Wachler provided some context for the occasioning of this forum. “When you really look at the event,” Andrew Wachler said, “it starts back in 2005.” This was when the appeal system was changed to align Part A and Part B appeals. The change in legislation provided specialized administrative law judges, in an attempt to curb excessive wait times in the appeals process. The legislation imposed a statutory requirement to issue a response within 90 days of appeal filing. However, Mr. Wachler says, “the brunt of hearing requests have not been acted upon.” In a conversation with Judge Nancy J. Griswold, Chief Administrative Law Judge, Office of Medicare Hearings and Appeals (OMHA), Mr. Wachler had previously suggested the establishment of a committee of stakeholders to meet and discuss inefficiencies in the process. Judge Griswold suggested such a forum would occur, and today’s event appears to be just that.

The main question today is whether the forum represents a meaningful attempt at reform and addressing the backlog, or whether it is merely meant to placate the providers. Mr. Wachler remains skeptically optimistic. However, while the forum today will provide some practical tips on navigating the ALJ appeals process, Mr. Wachler does not expect it to solve what he believes is a significant problem – “the holding of provider’s money while we have these delays is unconscionable….people are being put out of business while they wait.”

Mr. Wachler will be appearing again this afternoon on RACmonitor. Information on their special coverage of the ALJ Appellant Forum can be found here. If you have any questions regarding the information provided at the forum, please contact an experienced healthcare attorney at Wachler & Associates at 248-544-0888 or wapc@wachler.com.

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Recently, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) announced that it has decided to extend the Inpatient Hospital Prepayment “Probe and Educate” reviews. The probe reviews, which were previously extended to March 31, 2014, have now been extended for dates of admission through September 30, 2014. During the probe reviews, Medicare Administrative Contractors (MACs) will continue to review and deny claims found not to be in compliance with the 2-midnight rule. These reviews will continue to be conducted on a prepayment basis, and the MACs will continue to provide education to hospitals throughout the “probe and educate” review process. During the probe review process, other Medicare contractors, including Recovery Audit Contractors (RACs), will not conduct post-payment patient status reviews of inpatient hospital claims with dates of admission between October 1, 2013 and October 1, 2014.

In an effort to provide updated information and additional clarification, CMS will host a follow-up Special Open Door Forum (ODF) on February 4, 2014 from 1:00 p.m. – 2:00 p.m. Much like the previous ODFs, interested parties will have an opportunity to ask questions regarding inpatient hospital admission, medical review criteria, physician orders and physician certification. You can participate in the ODF via conference call: Participant Dial-In Number: 877-251-0301; Conference ID: 47736519.

If you have any questions regarding the “probe and educate” reviews, physician orders and certification requirements, the 2-midnight rule, or medical review criteria, please contact an experienced health care attorney at Wachler & Associates at 248-544-0888 or wapc@wachler.com.

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The Office of the Inspector General (OIG) recently released a study detailing problems associated with overpayments to clinicians who provide Medicare Part B services. The study specifically focused on what the OIG referred to as “high cumulative payment” clinicians, who are clinicians receiving total annual payments of more than $3 million for Part B services during CY 2009. The OIG recognizes that this subset of providers poses a greater risk for improper payment or fraud in the Medicare system and will seek to implement new programs and policies to detect those problems.

The study found that from 2008 to 2011, both the number of Medicare Part B clinicians generating high cumulative payments, as well as the total amount of those payments, increased almost 78%. Most importantly, the study identified 303 clinicians who supplied more than $3 million in Part B services in 2009. Medicare administrative contractors (MACs) and Zone Program Integrity Contractors (ZPICs) further identified 104 specific individuals of the 303 (34%) for improper payments reviews. By the end of 2011, MACs and ZPICs reviewed 80 of the 104 clinicians and identified $34 million in over payments. Repercussions for these clinicians included suspended licenses and mandatory prepayment reviews, and even two indictments. The OIG recommends that CMS establish a cumulative payment threshold above which a clinician’s claims would be selected for review as well as implementing a procedure for timely identification and review of clinicians’ claims that exceed the cumulative payment threshold.

The OIG views the results of this investigation into high cumulative payment clinicians as a more useful method of identifying potentially improper payments. As a result of this study, clinicians who are reimbursed through Medicare Part B should ensure that their billing practices are in compliance with Medicare documentation and reimbursement rules, as well as determine whether their utilization rates differ significantly from their peers.

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On Wednesday, February 12, at 10:00 am EST, the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Office of Medicare Hearings and Appeals (OMHA) will hold a Medicare Appellant Forum in the Cohen Auditorium of the Wilbur J. Cohen building at 330 Independence Ave. SW, Washington DC, 20024. The purpose of the forum will be to:

  • Inform OMHA appellants on the status of OMHA operations;
  • Discuss a number of initiatives designed to mitigate the growing backlog of OMHA-level appeals; and
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On November 12, 2013, CMS held a third open door forum (ODF) discussing the Fiscal Year (FY) 2014 Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS)/Long-Term Care Hospital (LTCH) Final Rule (CMS-1599-F). As of November 4, 2013, the patient status probe review period that was previously applicable through December 31, 2013 has been extended through March 31, 2014. CMS has issued helpful guidance on questions and answers relating to patient status reviews, selecting hospital claims for patient status reviews, and reviewing hospital claims for patient status.

These “probe and educate” reviews will be conducted on a prepayment basis to assess whether hospitals are in compliance with the admission order requirements and 2-midnight benchmark. Because these reviews will be conducted on a prepayment basis, the MACs will deny any claims not meeting these three requirements. The initial sample probe reviews will consist of 10-25 claims per hospital with dates of admission from October 1 through December 31, 2013.

MAC review of the inpatient hospital claims will provide outreach and education about the inpatient rule and will help ensure that hospitals understand and comply with the Medicare requirements. Upon completion of the 10-25 claim reviews, if the MACs do not find any issues with the particular hospital’s claim documentation then further probes will not be conducted for that hospital (unless there are significant changes in billing patterns for admissions).

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Tomorrow from 1:00-2:00 pm Eastern Time, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) will hold a third open door forum (ODF) to discuss the Fiscal Year (FY) 2014 Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS)/Long-Term Care Hospital (LTCH) Final Rule (CMS-1599-F).

On August 2, 2013, CMS issued the FY 2014 IPPS/LTCH Final Rule (final rule) which finalized proposals related to patient status during short-stay hospital cases, including the new standards for inpatient admission and the medical review criteria for payment of hospital short-stay inpatient services under Medicare Part A. On September 5, 2013, CMS issued sub-regulatory guidance regarding the final rule’s requirements for hospital inpatient admission order and certification, which are conditions of payment under Medicare Part A. This sub-regulatory guidance was issued in part as a result of the significant confusion surrounding CMS’s requirements for inpatient admission orders and physician certifications of inpatient services. CMS also posted subregulatory instructions and frequently asked questions, relating to the claim selection process and preliminary review guidelines, for conducting patient status reviews of claims with dates of admission beginning in October 2013.

Questions on the two midnight provision for admission and medical review may be sent to CMS before the ODF begins via email to IPPSAdmissions@cms.hhs.gov. Questions on Part B inpatient billing and clarifications regarding physician order and certification can be sent to Section3133DSH@cms.hhs.gov.

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The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of Inspector General (OIG) recently issued a report addressing increased Medicare spending on polysomnography services. The OIG initiated this study in response to growing concerns of Medicare prescriber fraud.

A polysomnography is a type of sleep study that diagnoses sleep disorders such as sleep apnea. The claims submitted by sleep centers that conduct these studies have been under serious scrutiny by fraud investigators in recent years. In January 2013, American Sleep Medicine LLC, a sleep testing center operator based in Florida, agreed to pay $15.3 million to resolve allegations of false polysomnography claims submitted to Medicare, TRICARE, and the Railroad Retirement Medicare Program in violation of the False Claims Act (FCA).

According to the OIG’s report, Medicare spending for polysomnography services rose 39 percent between the years 2005 and 2011. The OIG analyzed Medicare claims from hospital outpatient departments, as well as non-hospital providers such as independent diagnostic testing facilities and physician-owned sleep laboratories, starting in 2011. The OIG found that almost $17 million in Medicare claims for polysomnography services were inappropriate, meaning the claims did not meet one or more of three requirements for Medicare reimbursement, including claims that had inappropriate diagnosis codes, were same-day duplicate claims or were submitted with an invalid NPI. In addition, the report stated that out of 6,339 providers of polysomnography services, 180 providers exhibited patterns of questionable billing. “Questionable billing” patterns included providers that billed an unusually high percentage of: (1) same-day duplicate claims, beneficiaries who had polysomnography claims from one or more other providers in 2011, (3) diagnostic polysomnography claims with a titration claim for the same beneficiary on the following day, or (4) claims in which there was no visit note from the ordering provider in the preceding year.

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The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) recently released a national provider Comparative Billing Report (CBR) focused on spinal orthotics and ordering providers. This CBR was conducted in response to an Office of Inspector General (OIG) report on inappropriate Medicare payments for orthotics. The Medicare Durable Medical Equipment (DME) data obtained for this report span from dates of service beginning January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2012. The final data was retrieved on August 15, 2013 from the Integrated Data Repository (IDR).

Under contract by CMS, Safeguard Services LLC is the authorized producer of all CBRs. Safeguard sends CBRs to about 5,000 ordering providers to help providers prevent improper billings. This CBR provides comparative data to orthotic providers across the nation to compare orthotics providers in terms of coding and billing practice, as well as utilization patterns. The sample spinal orthotics CBR may be useful to review if your entity did not receive one from Safeguard.

The following Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) codes were analyzed in this CBR:

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