Articles Posted in Compliance

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Recently, the White House announced it will not postpone implementation of the hospital price transparency rule, set to take effect on January 1, 2021.  Based on President Trump’s Executive Order on Improving Price and Quality Transparency in Healthcare, issued on June 24, 2019, CMS released the “Ambulatory Surgical Center (ASC) Price Transparency Requirements for Hospitals to Make Standard Charges Public Final Rule.” The rule allows patients to access hospital pricing information easily so that they have an idea of potential charges prior to receiving a bill and thus can shop for lower cost services.

Under the rule, hospitals are required to publish negotiated rates, gross charges, and discounted cash prices in a public, online format. The data must be free, in an easily accessible format, include a description of each item or service, and be updated yearly. Furthermore, hospitals must create a minimum of 300 “shoppable” healthcare services and display them in a consumer-friendly manner. Shoppable services are services that are often offered by multiple providers, so patients can research ahead of time and compare these services among various providers and make informed decisions on quality and cost. The goal is that as consumers have more price transparency and are more able to shop for their healthcare services, competition among hospitals and insurance providers will potentially increase and reduce healthcare costs as a result.

Hospitals oppose the transparency rule, claiming that it violates hospitals’ First Amendment rights and that CMS does not have the power to require hospitals to disclose their negotiated prices. Hospitals also claim the rule will increase administrative work, requiring more compliance costs. Although the American Hospital Association filed suit over the rule, a federal judge upheld it in June, concluding that CMS can mandate that hospitals reveal their negotiated prices. The AHA appealed the decision and oral arguments are scheduled for October 15.

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On October 6, 2020, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) released guidance giving hospitals until December 9, 2020 to comply with COVID-19 reporting requirements or risk termination from the Medicare and Medicaid Programs. CMS also released reporting requirements for influenza data, which are currently optional but which CMS plans to make mandatory in the coming weeks.

The COVID-19 reporting requirements were initially published in guidance by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) on July 29, 2020 and were incorporated into a Final Rule on September 2, 2020. Hospitals are required to report, on a daily basis, several data elements relating to their COVID-19 response. These data points include inpatient bed and ICU bed capacity and occupancy, total number of ventilator and total number of ventilators in use, total suspected or confirmed positive COVID-19 patients, numbers of COVID-19 patients receiving certain treatments, emergency department overflow, and the previous day’s COVID-19 deaths. CMS indicates this information is used to coordinate the federal response to the virus.

Beginning October 7, 2020, hospitals that are not in compliance with the reporting requirements or that are not reporting currently began receiving notifications from CMS. These letters gave hospitals three weeks to bring their reporting into compliance. Hospitals that do not come into compliance will continue to receive a series of enforcement letters. On December 9, 2020, hospitals that have been out of compliance with the reporting requirements for 14 weeks (beginning September 2, 2020, the release of the Final Rule) will be sent by CMS a letter terminating them from the Medicare and Medicaid programs. The termination will be effective within 30 days of the date of the notification of termination. Any terminated hospital will have the right to appeal, the ability come into compliance to avoid termination, and the opportunity to avail themselves of a 30-day reasonable assurance period under 42 CFR § 489.57. CMS indicates that the 14-week compliance window only applies to current enforcement. Future enforcement actions related to these reporting requirements will be subject to a shorter process.

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Payment for the Medicare home health benefit depends on a series of complex criteria that must be supported by documentation in the medical record, including a face-to-face encounter, homebound status, and need for skilled services. The requirements for home health documentation change frequently and give rise to some of the common pitfalls in home health audits.

First, the face-to-face encounter requirement requires that a qualified provider, usually the certifying physician, have an encounter with the beneficiary within a certain timeframe, for reasons related to the reason that the beneficiary requires home health, and properly document the beneficiary’s need for home health. Until 2015, the qualified provider was required to include a “brief narrative” supporting the need for home health. This requirement has since been dropped in favor of a more holistic review of the medical record, and the signature and organizational requirements have changed as well in recent years.

Second, the documentation must support that the beneficiary is homebound. Homebound status turns on a complex test. To qualify for homebound status, the beneficiary must: (1) because of illness or injury, need the aid of supportive devices, special transportation, or another person in order to leave their residence or have a condition such that leaving home is medically contraindicated; and (2) exhibit a normal inability to leave home and leaving home must require a considerable and taxing effort. Over time, CMS has adjusted language to tighten these requirements. Certain infrequent absences from the home, such as for religious services or doctor’s appointments, will not disqualify a beneficiary.

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On Wednesday, September 30, 2020, the Senate passed the bipartisan government funding bill that will relax Medicare loan repayments in the wake of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic. The House passed this bill the week prior to the Senate vote, and the President signed the bill into law the very same day that the Senate approved the bill.

Providers who initially received a loan through the CARES Act Advanced and Accelerated Payment Program (“AAP”) will now have one year from when the loan was issued before recoupment will begin. This gives providers much more time to repay these loans, as opposed to the initial 120-day recoupment period that was previously intact. Furthermore, the extension speaks to the AAP’s intent—AAP loans were meant to keep Medicare-reimbursed providers financially stable during the nationwide pandemic, which is still ongoing.

In addition to the recoupment period being extended, the recoupment rate will also be lowered. Initially, it would have been 100% recoupment until the loan was repaid. Moving forward, after the one year passes and recoupment begins, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) will recoup 25% for the first 11 months and then 50% for the following 6 months. Lastly, the interest rate on the AAP loans has been lowered from 9.6% to 4%.

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On September 19, 2020, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) released the much-anticipated reporting requirements for providers who received payments under the Provider Relief Fund (PRF). The PRF is a $175 billion fund created Congress through the CARES Act and administered by HHS to provide financial relief to healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. HHS previously amended the reporting requirements to require that any provider who received more than $10,000 from the PRF must file a report by February 15, 2021 and indicated that further details on reporting would be released at a later date. The new reporting system opens to payment recipients on October 1, 2020.

HHS breaks down the new reporting requirements into four date groups of data elements. First, providers must report Demographic Information, such as the Reporting Entity (whether the entity is reporting for a PRF payment it received or is reporting for a payment its subsidiary received), TIN, NPI, fiscal year-end date, and federal tax classification.

Second providers must report “expenses attributable to coronavirus not reimbursed by other sources.” Expenses attributable to coronavirus may be incurred in treating confirmed or suspected cases of coronavirus, preparing for possible or actual coronavirus cases, maintaining healthcare delivery capacity, etc. Providers who received between $10,000 and $499,999 in aggravated PRF payments need only report their net expenses that are attributable to coronavirus and not reimbursed by another source. These expenses need only be reported in two aggregate categories: (1) General and Administrative expenses and (2) other healthcare related expenses.  However, providers who received $500,000 or more in aggregate PRF funds must report in significant detail on sub-categories of these expenses.

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On September 14, 2020, Wachler & Associates posted a blog detailing all of the speculation surrounding recoupment of the CARES Act Advanced and Accelerated Payments (“AAP”) Program. As of then, CMS had not yet made a statement on when CMS would begin AAP loan recoupments. Originally, providers were told to expect to see recoupments on these loans 120-days from issuance of the loan. Many providers, however, had surpassed their 120-day time limit but did not see any indication that payments were being recouped to repay the loan.

On Friday, September 18, 2020, CMS Administrator Seema Verma confirmed that CMS would not begin recouping AAP loans until Congress passes legislation on the matter. This timely statement comes just before the House passed H.R. 8337, FY 2021 Continuing Resolution, through December 11, 2020 (Appropriations), on September 22, 2020. This bill would give providers with AAP loans one year from issuance before CMS begins recoupment, instead of the original time limit of 120-days from issuance. This bill would also lower the recoupment rate and the interest rate. It is not yet known when there will be a vote in the Senate on the bill, but the bill is expected to pass the Senate.

For over 35 years, Wachler & Associates has represented healthcare providers and suppliers nationwide in a variety of health law matters, and our attorneys can assist providers and suppliers in understanding new developments in the CARES Act and when to expect accelerated payment recoupment to begin. If you or your healthcare entity has any questions pertaining to healthcare compliance, please contact an experienced healthcare attorney at 248-544-0888 or wapc@wachler.com.

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On September 17, 2020, technology company Glow, Inc. (“Glow”) settled with the California attorney general in response to a data breach on Glow’s fertility-tracking app. This app was created so that women could compile their personal medical information as it relates to cycle and ovulation tracking. Between the years of 2013 and 2016, this app was subject to numerous allegations regarding its security.

According to the California attorney general, the app failed to require authorization from any user who would share their information with another user. This led to data sharing without proper consent. It also did not require a user to enter its old password before creating a new one, so any user could be locked out of their own account by someone attempting to steal data. The California attorney general alleged that these, among other privacy issues, violated California’s consumer protection and privacy laws. The settlement will require Glow to pay $250,000 and increase the privacy and security on the app. The settlement also requires Glow to obtain affirmative consent from all users before sharing any personal medical information.

Although this state case focused on issues from 2013-2016, this settlement is very timely and accurately reflects issues currently facing healthcare providers. During the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, the Office of Civil Rights (“OCR”) has decided to temporarily stop giving penalties for noncompliance with HIPAA. The purpose of this is so that providers can continue to care for their patients while maintaining social distance protocol and implement telehealth in place of in-person office visits.

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The Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) is setting up a new reporting system through which recipients of payments under the Provider Relief Fund (“PRF”) will be required to submit reports on their use of the payments. The reporting system is set to become available for reporting on October 1, 2020. Despite the reporting system opening in less than 30 days, providers are still waiting to learn what specific information they will be required to report.

On July 20, 2020, HHS amended the reporting requirements for PRF payment recipients. Pursuant to this amendment, any recipient of more than $10,000 in aggregate payments from the PRF will be required to file a single report regarding all expenditures of PRF payments in calendar year 2020. This report will be due February 15, 2021. A second report regarding any expenditures of PRF payments in calendar year 2021 will be due on July 31, 2021. At the time, HHS indicated that additional details regarding data elements that recipients would be required to report would be released by August 17, 2020.

However, HHS has since indicated that instead it will release reporting instructions and a data collection template on an unspecified date after August 17, 2020. HHS has also indicated it will release these instructions “well in advance” of the reporting system being made available. The system is set to become available on October 1, 2020, although HHS now characterizes this as a “targeted” date to make the reporting system available. HHS recommends providers simply continue to check their website for more updates regarding the reporting system.

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Despite the ongoing public health emergency from the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (“COVID-19” or “COVID”), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) were encouraged by the Center for Program Integrity (“CPI”) to resume conducting Recovery Audit Contractor (“RAC”) and Medicare Administrative Contractor (“MAC”) audits. Some of the audits that are of high priority are post-payment reviews of COVID claims submitted prior to March 1, 2020. CMS has not yet stated when they will be auditing claims submitted after March 1, 2020 and throughout the current public health emergency, but experts expect these audits to begin in the coming months.

In fact, the CMS “Coronavirus Disease 2019 Provider Burden Relief FAQ” states that even if the public health emergency continues, it will lift the suspension of audits beginning on August 3, 2020 (though most providers will not see requests for review until at least a month after that). The audits will be done pursuant to existing statutory and regulatory provisions, but any waiver or flexibility allowed for any date of service which is under review will be considered in the audit.

In addition to those audits, CMS has also announced a new requirement to obtain reimbursement for COVID patients. Beginning on September 1, 2020, in order to receive the 20% Medicare reimbursement add-on payment for a COVID patient, the provider must document a positive COVID test in the patient’s chart. This new guidance applies only to Inpatient Prospective Payment Systems (“IPPS”), Long-Term Care Hospitals (“LCTHs”), and Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities (“IRFs”). The guidance states that CMS will continue to automatically apply the 20% add-on payment for COVID-19 claims and will enforce the requirement through post-payment audits. The 20% add-on payment will be recouped if no positive COVID test is found in the patient’s chart.

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On July 31, 2020, the Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) announced that it would be reopening the application for providers who did not originally receive funds from the $50 billion general distribution of the Provider Relief Fund (“PRF”). The PRF was created in response to the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, because the pandemic caused many providers to either lose a significant portion of patients or providers had to care for many more patients in unprecedented ways. The first phase of the general distribution was initially distributed in two “tranches” back in April, but many providers either failed to apply quick enough or were just rejected. The first tranche of $30 billion was automatically distributed, but the second tranche of $20 billion had to be applied for by providers. The second phase covered those providers who did not qualify for the first phase.

Between August 10 and August 28, 2020, providers who missed the application period or were rejected from the second tranche can once again apply to receive funding. Providers can receive funding up to 2 percent of the applying provider’s annual patient revenue.

As mentioned above, the first tranche was automatically distributed based on 2019 CMS payment data. Because it was solely based on 2019 data, some practices that changed ownership at the beginning of 2020 were not permitted to receive payments—yet they were still severely impacted by the COVID-19 crisis. Additionally, any previous owner who was distributed funds but no longer owned the medical practice was not permitted to transfer the general distribution funds to the new practice owners but could only return the payments to HHS. Thus, between August 10 and August 28, 2020, providers who experienced a change in ownership may submit their revenue information along with all documentation showing the change in ownership in order to receive funding from the PRF.

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