Compliance

Published on: November 5, 2014

CMS Finalizes Home Health Prospective Payment System Rule

On October 30, 2014, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) announced its final rule regarding changes to the Medicare home health care prospective payment system. The changes, which are set to go into effect in calendar year 2015, will reduce payments to home health agencies (HHAs) by approximately .30 percent, or $60 million. This decrease comes as a result of the 2.1 percent home health payment update percentage. Additionally, the decrease implements the second year of the four-year phase in of the rebasing adjustments promulgated by Section 3131(a) of the Affordable Care Act.

CMS stated that the final rule is one of several to be released for calendar year 2015 aimed at reflecting a broader strategy to deliver better care at lower cost by increasing delivery efficiency. Provisions in the final rule should transition the healthcare system into one that values quality over quantity by focusing on reforms such as helping manage and improve chronic diseases, measuring for better health outcomes, focusing on disease prevention and fostering a more-efficient and coordinated system.

The Medicare program reimburses HHAs through a prospective payment system that pays higher rates for beneficiaries with greater needs. Currently, all HHAs must provide relevant data from patient assessments, which CMS uses to annually determine payment rates. In order to qualify for the Medicare home health benefit, a beneficiary must be cared for by a physician, require physical therapy or speech-language pathology, require intermittent skilled nursing care, or continue to need occupational therapy. Additionally, the beneficiary is required to be homebound and receive services from a Medicare-approved HHA. Outlined below are changes that the final rule makes to various aspects related to the home health prospective payment system.

Published on: October 28, 2014

CMS Extends Fraud and Abuse Waivers for ACO Shared Savings Program

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

On October 17, 2014, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) extended its interim final rule regarding fraud and abuse waivers for accountable care organizations (ACOs) that participate in the Medicare Shared Savings Program. The Medicare Shared Savings Program was one of the initial steps taken under the Affordable Care Act to both increase quality and lower costs in the Medicare program. ACOs that participate in the Medicare Shared Savings Program can share in the savings generated to Medicare.

Originally, the interim final rule was published in the November 2, 2011 Federal Register, and had the typical three-year period before becoming a final rule. The continuation of the interim final rule extends the timeline for an additional year, establishing a new deadline of November 2, 2015. The interim final rule offers five waivers to ACOs, which allow healthcare entities to form and operate ACOs without fear of violating federal fraud and abuse laws. The ACO waivers include:

An ACO participation waiver;

Published on: October 6, 2014

Office for Civil Rights Advisor Warns Providers on HIPAA Audits: “Get Your House In Order”

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

On September 9, Linda Sanches, the Senior Advisor for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Office for Civil Rights (OCR) warned that Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) audits are forthcoming. Speaking at the HIMSS Privacy and Security Forum in Boston, Sanches cautioned attendees that the best defense to an audit is conducting periodic and comprehensive risk analyses focused on administrative and technical protections, as well as human error vulnerabilities. “The onus is on you to prove that you had the proper systems in place,” Sanches warned, advising providers to proactively perform risk analyses in advance of a HIPAA audit.

To attendees’ disappointment, Sanches did not unveil a start date for the HIPAA audits. Instead, Sanches explained that the OCR has postponed initiating HIPAA auditing to implement new technology with increased auditing capacities. Originally, the OCR intended to conduct a total of 400 desk audits. However, Sanches confirmed that now the OCR will likely perform fewer than 200 targeted desk audits and an unconfirmed number of on-site audits. A variety of providers across practice area, size, and geographic location should expect to be audited. Audited entities will be responsible for compliance with both the HIPAA Privacy Rule and the HIPAA Security Rule. In addition, providers should have available an updated list of business associates with contact information and services provided. Sanches warned that the OCR will use a provider’s business associate list to select business associates for HIPAA auditing.

Providers with patterns in reported breaches are more likely to face HIPAA auditing. Sanches emphasized that providers who fail to demonstrate compliance with the HIPAA privacy rule and HIPAA security rule may face hefty settlement fines based on the amount of harm and provisions violated. When discussing fines, Sanches stated, “It’s basic math. How many people were affected?”

Published on: September 25, 2014

CMS Final Rule Provides Greater Flexibility for Meeting EHR Meaningful Use Requirements

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

On August 29, 2014, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) published a Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) final rule allowing providers more flexibility in meeting the meaningful-use requirements for the electronic health records (EHR) incentive program. The final rule, which was an adoption of the May 2014 proposed rule, aims to assist providers in utilizing Certified EHR Technology (CEHRT) by giving eligible providers another year to continue using the 2011 Edition CEHRT, or a combination of the 2011 and 2014 Edition CEHRT. However, providers should be aware that in 2015 they are required to use the 2014 Edition CEHRT software.

Additionally, the final rule extends Stage 2 of meaningful use through 2016, thus delaying implementation of Stage 3. For those providers who first became meaningful users of EHR in 2011 or 2012, Stage 3 of meaningful use is now scheduled to begin in 2017. According to CMS, the updates in the final rule will better enable providers to participate and meet meaningful use objectives, including:

Electronic prescribing;

Published on: August 7, 2014

FDA to Bolster its Regulation of Diagnostic Testing

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

With the passage of the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA) on July 9, 2012, Congress expanded the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) authority to safeguard and advance public health. Exercising such authority, on July 31, 2014, the FDA notified Congress of its plan to publish a proposal to expand its oversight of laboratory developed tests (LDTs). LDTs are diagnostic tests, which are designed, manufactured, and used within a single laboratory. Previously, LDTs certified under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) could exist without FDA oversight. This exception existed because LDTs were primarily used for rare diseases. However, advances in molecular biology allowed laboratories to produce a broader range of LDTs, applicable to more common illnesses. The former exception has been touted by some as fostering laboratory independence, allowing for exponential innovation and accuracy in diagnostics. However, others like Senator Edward Markey (D-Mass.) claim that the newly implemented FDA oversight has been “long-overdue.”

As a result of support from individuals like Senator Markey, more than 11,000 LDTs, housed in 2,000 different laboratories, may fall into the FDA’s expanded regulations. The FDA has cited LDTs for illnesses like Lyme disease and cancer, as justification for the new regulatory framework. By subjecting LDTs to such scrutiny, the FDA’s stated goal is to eliminate faulty tests that produce inaccurate diagnoses and cause patients to seek unnecessary treatment, or delay vital treatment. However, opponents of the new regulation contend that the prior independence allowed laboratories to diagnose and measure disease with far greater accuracy than ever before.

The FDA’s regulatory expansion will take place over nine years and will first be applied to what are deemed the riskiest LDTs. However, some tests will remain excluded from FDA regulations. Such LDTs include those which treat rare diseases and those for which there is no FDA-approved test.

Published on: July 7, 2014

CMS Affirms Physicians May Bill Certain Pharmacy Services as “Incident To” But Highlights Recent Regulatory Amendments Regarding Compliance with State Law

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

In a March 25, 2014 letter to the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), CMS Administrator Marilyn Tavenner responded to an inquiry from the AAFP asking whether, if all of the “incident to” rules are met, may a physician bill Medicare for a Part B covered service provided by a pharmacist in the physician’s practice.

In its January 2014 letter, AFFP noted the “increasing emphasis on team-based care in family medicine” particularly in the context of a “patient-centered medical home.” Due to such changes, AAFP advised CMS that family medicine practices were employing pharmacists as part of the patient care team. Pursuant to the plan of care developed by the physician, these pharmacists were having and documenting direct, face-to-face encounters with patients where they reviewed “applicable patient history and medications” and counseled patients on the “risks and benefits of pharmaceutical treatment options” and “instructions for improving pharmaceutical treatment compliance and outcomes.” The AAFP took the position with CMS that such encounters would meet the definition of an established patient evaluation and management services (“E/M service”) and would be billed as an E/M service if the physician had provided the service. The AAFP also reviewed applicable Medicare rules on “incident to” billing, specifically section 60 of chapter 15 of the Medicare Benefit Policy Manual and stated that it “found nothing in Section 60 that would exclude pharmacists from this definition.” Accordingly, AAFP requested confirmation that a physician who met all of the “incident to” rules would be permitted to bill Medicare for a Part B covered service provided by a pharmacist in the practice.

In her response, Administrator Tavenner stated that CMS agreed with AAFP’s position that if all the requirements of the “incident to” statute and regulations were met, a physician may be reimbursed under Medicare Part B for services provided by pharmacists in the practice as “incident to” services.

Published on: July 3, 2014

CMS Proposes to Eliminate the Narrative Requirement for Documented Face-to-Face Encounters for Home Health Agencies

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

In a recently released proposed rule, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) proposes to eliminate the narrative requirement from the home health face-to-face encounter documentation requirement. Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) and implementing regulations, the certifying physician must document that the physician himself or herself or an allowed nonphysician practitioner conducted a face-to-face encounter with the beneficiary no more than 90 days prior to the home health start of care date or within 30 days of the start of home health care. As part of the home health certification requirements, the documented face-to-face encounter must include a brief narrative of why the clinical findings of the encounter support that the patient is homebound and in need of intermittent skilled nursing services or therapy services.

According to CMS, the narrative requirement was adopted in an effort to achieve greater physician accountability in certifying a patient’s eligibility to receive home health care as well as establishing the patient’s plan of care. However, as CMS noted in the proposed rule, the home health industry is experiencing numerous problems meeting the narrative requirement. Accordingly, since the effective implementation of the face-to-face encounter requirement in April 2011, many home health agencies have seen an increased number of claims denied by Medicare audit contractors due to inadequate narratives supporting the services. In its proposed rule, CMS acknowledges some of the challenges faced by home health agencies in meeting the face-to-face narrative requirement, including:

• A perceived lack established standards for compliance that can be understood and applied by physicians and home health agencies;

Published on: June 16, 2014

OIG Recommends Increased Audits of E/M Services by CMS

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

In May of 2014, the Office of the Inspector General (OIG) released a report detailing its findings regarding Medicare payments for evaluation and management (E/M) services. E/M services are performed by physicians in order to assess and manage a beneficiary’s health. The OIG found that coding errors in documents for routine patient E/M services have resulted in the Medicare program paying out billions of dollars in improper payments each year. Earlier in 2014, the OIG reported that the overall Medicare program lost about $50 billion during 2013. In conducting this study, 63 percent of the claims sampled by the OIG were for established patient office/outpatient visits. Only 4 percent of the visits the OIG analyzed were for initial or subsequent skilled nursing care.

The OIG reports that for the 2010 fiscal year, Medicare payments for E/M services totaled $32.3 billion, which accounted for almost 30 percent of all Part B payments. The OIG also noted that in 2012, physicians began to increase their billing of higher level codes, which resulted in higher payment amounts. In its report, the OIG found that 55 percent of E/M services were incorrectly coded and/or lacked sufficient documentation, including: 26 percent of E/M claims were up-coded; 15 percent of E/M claims were down-coded; 12 percent of E/M claims were insufficiently documented; and 7 percent of E/M claims were undocumented altogether. In order to ensure that payments for E/M services are properly coded and supported by sufficient documentation, the OIG made the following recommendations to CMS: (1) educate physicians on coding and documentation requirements for E/M services; (2) continue to encourage contractors to review E/M services billed for by high-coding physicians; and (3) follow up on claims for E/M services that were paid for in error.

As indicated by this report, providers can expect greater scrutiny of their E/M claims by CMS audit contractors. In our experience, CMS audit contractors routinely down-code the level of E/M service billed by providers. Often times, these services are down-coded because CMS determined that the level of E/M service billed is not supported by the accompanying medical records (e.g., the visit note did not support the level of medical decision making component required by the code that was billed). With the increased audit attention relating to E/M services, providers must ensure that they are thoroughly documenting the services provided, and that each component of the E/M service is supported by the medical record. Failure to do so could leave providers vulnerable to audit contractors.

Published on: June 13, 2014

Physicians Nationwide Face Terminations as Insurance Plans Move to Narrow Networks

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

In the past year, thousands of health care providers across the country have been excluded without cause from their insurance plan’s provider networks. The proliferation of narrow networks – defined as health insurance plans that limit the doctors and hospitals available to their subscribers – has caused a backlash amongst providers, who claim the insurers’ terminations will squeeze beneficiaries on access to care, and disrupt longstanding patient-physician relationship, emergency department care, and referral networks.

Although the Affordable Care Act did not create narrow networks, the reform law accelerated the trend by limiting insurer’s ability to continually lower benefits and exclude unhealthy individuals. Without other ways to compete, controlling providers and limiting choice is the insurers’ best way to lower premiums and thus compete on the exchanges. Insurers claim that narrow networks control costs and allow for higher quality, better coordinated care.

In most cases, however, patients choose insurance plans based on the plan’s access to a specific provider network. Patients subscribe and re-subscribe to one-year commitments with the primary intent to access their long-term primary care physicians or other regularly seen providers. Patients often build relationships with these providers over several years, even decades. Now, without notice or the ability to switch their plan, the patients’ physician is suddenly out-of-network and cost-prohibitive.

Published on: May 19, 2014

OIG Proposes Significant Changes to Provider Exclusion Authority

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

Last week, the Office of the Inspector General (OIG) released a Proposed Rule that changes its provider exclusion authority and significantly alters certain provider exclusion procedures and the substantive bases for exclusion from a Federal healthcare program. The Proposed Rule was released in conjunction with another Proposed Rule on the same date regarding Civil Monetary Penalties (CMPs). Comments regarding the rules are due on July 8.

§ 1128 of the Social Security Act grants the OIG authority to exclude certain individuals and entities from participation in Federal healthcare programs. If the OIG determines that an individual or entity has engaged in certain prohibited conduct, it must ban such a person or entity from participation in Federal healthcare programs for a statutorily mandated five year minimum period. However, many bases for exclusion are merely “permissive”, where the OIG retains discretion in deciding whether to exclude an individual or entity.

The Proposed Rule provides the OIG with three new bases upon which they may permissively exclude a provider or entity: the failure of ordering, referring, or prescribing providers to furnish payment information under Section 1128(b)(11); knowingly making, or causing to be made, false statements, omissions, or misstatements of material fact on a federal health care program application under Section 1128(b)(16); or convictions in connection with obstruction of a healthcare audit under Section 1128(b)(2).