Medicare

Published on: June 29, 2020

MIPS Extreme and Uncontrollable Circumstances

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) is required to implement a quality payment incentive program. One of the primary programs set forth by CMS is the Merit-based Incentive Payment System (“MIPS”). MIPS evaluates qualifying clinicians based on (1) quality; (2) promoting interoperability; (3) improvement activities; (4) and cost. The purpose of the MIPS program is to encourage higher quality and more efficient care.

On June 24, 2020, and in response to the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, CMS announced the “MIPS Program Extreme and Uncontrollable Circumstances Exception.” If a MIPS-eligible clinician has been affected by an extreme or uncontrollable circumstance, they may submit an application for the re-weighting of the above-four MIPS performance categories. This re-weighting will offset the negative impacts COVID-19 has had on MIPS clinicians’ reimbursements. CMS defines an extreme and uncontrollable circumstance as a circumstance that would:

Cause a clinician to be unable to collect information necessary to submit for a MIPS performance category;

Published on: March 20, 2020

State Utilization of 1135 Waivers

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

The Coronavirus is causing many changes and uncertainties about how our healthcare is treated. With the utilization of 1135 waivers, states can assist enrollees in Social Security Act programs in obtaining sufficient health care items and services. Under the Stafford Act or National Emergencies Act, the President has the authority to declare a national disaster or emergency. The Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) can then temporarily waive or modify certain Medicare, Medicaid, and Children’s Health Insurance Program (“CHIP”) requirements. Under these waivers, providers are expected to act in good faith, can be reimbursed for, and be exempted from sanctions—absent any determination of fraud and abuse.

1135 waivers last up until the termination of the emergency period, or 60 days from the date the waiver was approved, whichever comes first. The Secretary may extend the waiver for additional periods of up to 60 days if it is deemed necessary. While the 1135 waivers only apply to Federal program requirements, states should also consider altering their licensure or conditions or participation requirements.

On March 16, 2020, Florida was the first state to have an 1135 waiver approved by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”). Florida addressed concerns of federal requirements hindering the state’s ability to continue to deliver proper health care. The 1135 waiver changed five main things. First, Florida is temporarily allowed to enroll providers who are not currently enrolled with another State Medicaid Agency (“SMA”) or Medicare if the state meets some minimum requirements. Second, CMS is temporarily waiving all pre-approval requirements. Third, pre-admission screening and annual resident reviews (“PASRR”) for both Level 1 and Level 2 can be waived for the next 30 days. Fourth, facilities are temporarily allowed to be fully reimbursed for services rendered during an emergency evacuation to an unlicensed facility. And lastly, the fifth waiver is the temporary delay of scheduling Medicaid Fair Hearings and the issuance of Fair Hearing Decisions during the emergency period.

Published on: March 19, 2020

CMS Expanding Telehealth to Combat COVID-19

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

Beginning on March 6, 2020, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) has temporarily expanded telehealth services for Medicare beneficiaries and cut back on HIPAA enforcement to help combat the COVID-19. This expansion will last until the end of the public health emergency as declared by the Secretary of HHS. Telehealth, the remote delivery of healthcare services, often by video conference between patient and provider, is a growing frontier in the age of digital healthcare. However, Medicare was slow to adopt the new technology.

Until recently, Medicare only covered telehealth services provided to beneficiaries in designated rural areas and only if they received the services at a hospital, clinic, or other medical facility. Virtual check-ins and e-visits were reimbursed at a much lower rate. Virtual check-ins encompass brief communications between physicians and patients, such as text messages or emails, where a patient can send images and discuss symptoms and treatment options with their physician. E-visits are conducted through a patient portal and are not face-to-face. This temporary expansion will now reimburse physicians who perform virtual check-ins and e-visits at the rate of an in-person visit.

The expansion was made in pursuant to an 1135 waiver. The Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, as signed into law on March 6, 2020 authorized the Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) to waive certain traditional Medicare telehealth requirements during this national emergency. Spurred by the calls for self-quarantine and social distancing, these waivers have led to an expansion of Medicare coverage for telehealth services.

Published on: January 17, 2020

Approaching the New Targeted Probe and Educate Program

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) expanded its Targeted Probe and Educate (“TPE”) program on October 1, 2017. The goal of the TPE program is to help providers be more cognizant of their billing practices so that they may provide improved services in the future.

TPE review is a process where providers who have high denial rates or unusual billing practices compared to other providers in their field are reviewed. Simple claim errors are typically why providers have high denial rates. Some examples of these errors include: missing a physician signature, encounter notes not fully supporting eligibility, documentation not meeting medical necessity, or missing/incomplete certifications or recertification.

When a provider is chosen for the program, they receive a letter from their Medicare Administrative Contractor (MAC). The TPE process involves an initial review, or “probe,” of 20-40 claims. If it is determined that the provider is non-compliant, a targeted, one-on-one education session will be offered to address errors found in the claims reviewed. Conversely, providers who are found to be compliant will not be reviewed again for at least one year. After the education session, providers have 45 days to make changes and improve. Those providers who continue to have high error rates after the first round must then proceed with a second round of reviewed claims and education. If high error rates continue, a third round will commence. After three rounds of TPE, if the provider continues to be non-compliant, they will be referred to CMS for further action. A provider can be removed from the review process at any point if they sufficiently demonstrate a significant reduction in their error rates.

Published on: December 30, 2019

CMS Final Rule on Affiliations for Provider Enrollment

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) has released its Final Rule regarding the disclosure of affiliations in the provider enrollment process. This rule took effect on November 4, 2019. This rule permits the Secretary to revoke or deny enrollment based on the disclosure of any affiliations that CMS determines poses an undue risk of fraud, waste, or abuse. Although this rule will eventually be applicable to all providers, CMS is starting out with a phase-in approach, where the rule will only be applied to initially enrolling or revalidating providers that CMS has specifically determined may have one or more applicable affiliations.

The Final Rule requires providers and suppliers to disclose any current or previous direct or indirect affiliation with a provider or supplier that has a “disclosable event.” The Final Rule defined a disclosable event as: (1) when the provider or supplier has an uncollected debt; (2) the provider or supplier has been or is currently subject to a payment suspension under a federal health care program; (3) the provider or supplier has been or is currently excluded by the Office of Inspector General (“OIG”) from Medicare, Medicaid, or CHIP; or (4) the provider or supplier has had its Medicare, Medicaid, or CHIP billing privileges denied or revoked.

If an entity or individual is affiliated with a provider or supplier with any of the above-mentioned disclosable events, the Secretary is authorized to deny enrollment when it is determined that this affiliation poses an undue risk of fraud, waste, or abuse. To determine the existence of undue risk, CMS will consider: (1) the length and period of the affiliation; (2) the nature and extent of the affiliation; and (3) the type of disclosable event and when it occurred.

Published on: December 7, 2018

Latest Updates to the OCPM

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

The Office of Medicare Hearings and Appeals (“OMHA”) has been updating the OMHA Case Processing Manual (“OCPM”) since the Medicare appeals final rule became effective on March 20, 2017. As an effort to regulate and codify procedures for adjudicative functions through statutes, regulations, and OMHA directives, the OCPM is regularly revised to stay up-to-date with the Medicare appeals process.

The first major recent revision to the OCPM was eliminating the four divisions: Part A/B Claim Determinations, Part C Organization Determinations, Part D Organization Determinations, and SSA Determinations. The revised OCPM is no longer divided and consists of twenty consecutive chapters. In May 2018, the OCPM added new chapters 1 and 20, and revised chapter 19. In July 2018, the OCPM revised chapters 5, 6, and 7. Most recently, on November 30, 2018, OMHA published new chapters 17 and 18.

Chapter 17 is entitled “Dismissals.” It addresses reasons why an ALJ or attorney adjudicator may dismiss requests for hearings or a review of reconsideration dismissal. For example, the reasons an ALJ may dismiss a case include, without limitation, an untimely filing, failure to cure a defect in the request for hearing, or failure to appeal. On the other hand, an attorney adjudicator may dismiss a request for hearing only when the appellant withdraws the request for hearing. The chapter also outlines the information that must be contained within a dismissal order, the impact of a dismissal on a case, and the circumstances in which an adjudicator may vacate his or her dismissal. Lastly, the chapter addresses the right to appeal an ALJ’s or attorney adjudicator’s dismissal order.

Published on: November 26, 2018

CMS Finalizes Review Choice Demonstration for Home Health Agencies

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

On September 26, 2018, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) announced plans to commence a review demonstration of Home Health Agencies (“HHAs”) in Illinois, Ohio, North Carolina, Florida, and Texas, with the option to expand to other states in the JM jurisdiction. CMS invited public comment on CMS’ new proposal in the Federal Register by October 29, 2018. The Pre-Claim Review Demonstration (“PCRD”) was re-named the Review Choice Demonstration (“RCD”) and began in Illinois on December 10, 2018.

The RCD is a revised version of the PCRD. The PCRD went into effect in August 2016 but was short-lived, as it was halted in April 2017 due to wide backlash among Home Health Industry providers. Thus, the new RCD should be more welcomed HHAs, as it is much more flexible than the previously rigid PCRD.

The Secretary is authorized to “develop or demonstrate improved methods for the investigation and prosecution of fraud in the provision of care or services under the health programs established under [the Act].” Based on this authority, CMS implemented the RCD to help identify, investigate, and prosecute potential fraud occurring within HHAs who are providing services to Medicare beneficiaries. The RCD is intended to ease the burden on CMS by reducing the number of audits while protecting the Medicare Trust Fund by ensuring that payments for home health services are appropriate.

Published on: November 9, 2018

Court Orders HHS to Clear Medicare Appeals Backlog By 2022

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

On November 1, 2018, a U.S. District Court ordered the United States Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) to eliminate the Medicare appeals backlog by the end of fiscal year 2022. There are currently 426,594 backlogged appeals. The recent ruling imposes a timetable for reducing the backlog of appeals. Specifically, 19% of the appeals must be cleared by the end of fiscal year 2019; 49% of the appeals must be cleared by the end of fiscal year 2020; 75% by the end of fiscal year 2021; and the backlog must be eliminated entirely by 2022. To demonstrate its progress, HHS must file quarterly status reports beginning on December 31, 2018.

The Court’s order arises from a lawsuit that was filed by the AHA in 2014. AHA alleged that HHS was violating federal law by failing to process appeals within 90 days from the date of the Office of Medicare Hearings and Appeals’ receipt of the request for hearing. In 2016, the District Court entered summary judgment in favor of the AHA and ordered HHS to comply with a timetable to eliminate the backlog of appeals by 2020. In 2017, the D.C. Circuit reversed the District Court and ordered the District Court to evaluate HHS’ claim that compliance with the timetable would be impossible.

HHS has implemented some backlog-reduction efforts to try complying with the previous ruling to eliminate the backlog by fiscal year 2020. Settlement Conference Facilitations (“SCF”) are an example of one of these initiatives. Medicare Part A and Part B providers and suppliers who have appeals pending before an ALJ are encouraged to participate in SCF. SCF uses a facilitator to help the appellant and CMS find a mutually agreeable resolution. Initiatives like SCF are a step forward in reducing the backlog, as it takes people out of the long waiting period and resolves cases in a simpler matter.

Published on: October 3, 2018

IRFs Under Review for “Reasonable and Necessary” Requirement

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) recently announced a review of Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities (“IRFs”) that will focus on the “reasonable and necessary” requirement that IRFs are required to meet. An IRF provides rehabilitation services to patients who have suffered an injury, illness, or surgery that has left them in need of intensive rehabilitation. Services provided by IRFs include physical therapy, occupational therapy, rehabilitative nursing, speech-language pathology, and the procurement of prosthetic and orthotic devices.

IRF services are considered “reasonable and necessary” if: (1) the patient requires therapeutic intervention in multiple therapy disciplines, (2) the patient actively participates in and benefits from the therapy program, (3) the patient is sufficiently stable at the onset of the program, (4) the patient is supervised by a physician, (5) the patient’s chart has the correct documentation within it, and (6) the patient requires an interdisciplinary team approach to care and the team has weekly meetings.

IRFs are not meant to be used as an alternative to a full course of treatment. Patients who are still completing their treatment in the hospital and cannot fully participate in intensive rehabilitation therapy will not have their IRF service determined to be reasonable or necessary. Furthermore, IRF is not appropriate for patients who have finished their hospital treatment and no longer need intensive rehabilitation.

Published on: September 28, 2018

PRRB Releases Significant Rule Changes Impacting the Appeals Process

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

The Provider Reimbursement Review Board (“PRRB”) is an independent panel that a Part A provider can appeal to if it is not satisfied with any final determination. In order to appeal, the amount in controversy for a single hospital must be at least $10,000, and at least $50,000 for a group of hospitals. The PRRB’s decision is considered the final administrative remedy for providers. If a provider is dissatisfied with the PRRB decision, it can seek judicial review before a federal district court. Last month, the PRRB released 90 pages of updated rules without advanced notice, which providers and attorneys are expected to comply with in their appeals. These significant changes to the PRRB rules could be catastrophic for providers because they may waive their entire appeal if they fail to follow a new rule.

Hospitals tend to utilize the PRRB appeals process by challenging disproportionate-share hospital payment calculation, or by challenging the amount of Medicare bad-debt payment they receive. These are generally complex issues that require a significant amount of time to investigate and fully develop. Unfortunately, the parties will no longer be afforded the ability to develop their case as it proceeds through the appeals process. The new rules require a preliminary position paper (and the corresponding exhibits) to be filed with the PRRB at the beginning of the appeal process. This new requirement forces providers to have their argument in its most complete form at the beginning of the process because additional arguments and evidence cannot be added later, except for good cause. Additionally, if anything is missing in the initial submission of materials, the entire appeal will be dismissed.

Another extremely important change is that providers may now simultaneously file appeals with the PRRB and then withdraw them if they believe their claims can be resolved with the Medicare Administrative Contractor (“MAC”). If a resolution is not reached, providers can reinstate their appeals with the PRRB. Furthermore, if a provider appeals the same issue arising from different Notice of Program Reimbursements (“NPRs”) in the same year, it must be brought in the same appeal.