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In a press release on August 15, 2012 Congressman Dan Boren, who represents Oklahoma’s second Congressional District, announced that letters have been sent to Secretary of Health and Human Services, Kathleen Sebelius; U.S. Congressman Dave Camp, Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee; and U.S. Congressman Fred Upton, Chairman of the House Energy and Commerce Committee urging a congressional investigation into the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Recovery Audit Contractor (RAC), Connolly, Inc.

Congressman Boren accuses Connolly of, “overzealous predatory tactics against several…hospitals with their aggressive, overly critical approach.” He further states that, “[t]hese practices have the potential to create a life-threatening situation for patient care in impoverished rural communities….”

While speaking on a webcast on August 27, 2012, the Congressman said that Connolly treats rural hospitals more harshly than larger urban hospitals. As a result, rural hospitals, that frequently have a much smaller cash flow than their urban counterparts, are faced with a financial situation that could put patient care at risk. He indicated that if Connolly continues to put unnecessary financial strain on rural hospitals, some will be forced to shut down, leaving some rural areas without access to critical care facilities and putting residents in life threatening situations.
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On August 9, 2012, CGS, the MAC for J15, announced that it will begin complex medical review MS-DRG 312, syncope and collapse, based on findings that the claim denial rate for MS-DRG 312 during a probe conducted in Ohio was 79.9%. This means that providers in Ohio could see MS-DRG 312 claims audited as part of the prepayment review demonstration program and in post-payment reviews conducted by the MAC.

The potential for a double audit faced by providers in Ohio is contrary to statements made by CMS during the special open door forum on August 9, 2012. During the forum, CMS stated that a provider may hear from both a RAC and a MAC for claim review but it should not be on the same MS-DRG or the same claim. So far it is unclear how CMS will address this issue.
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On August 27, 2012 the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) began the Recovery Auditor Prepayment Review Demonstration Program. The program includes prepayment reviews of certain types of claims with high rates of improper payments in eleven states. The states included in the program are Florida, California, Michigan, Texas, New York, Louisiana, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Ohio, North Carolina, and Missouri. Currently, the only claim type being reviewed by the program is MS-DRG 312: Syncope and Collapse. CMS anticipates adding additional claims for review as the program gets underway.
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The Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General (OIG) released a report on July 31, 2012 which indicates that Medicare contractors made overpayments to providers for the breast cancer drug Herceptin. In an audit of Medicare contractor Novitas Solutions, Inc.‘s (Novitas), formerly Highmark Medicare Services, activities from January 2008 through December 2010, the OIG found that incorrect payments were made to providers in four states for full multiuse vials of Herceptin. States included in the audit were Delaware, the District of Columbia, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.

Herceptin is a breast cancer treatment drug that comes in a multiuse vial containing 44 billable units of the drug. When properly reconstituted and stored, it is viable for 28 days. The OIG audit found that in many cases the vials were used for a single administration and then discarded, with charges entered for the entire vial which included the unused discarded portions. The Medicare Claims Processing Manual states that while single use vials may be charged for any unused or discarded amounts of drugs or biologicals, multiuse vials are only subject to payment for the portions used. The OIG identified overpayments in the amount of $1,576,374.00 for unused and discarded portions of multiuse vials of Herceptin.

The OIG made the following recommendations to Novitas:

1. That Novitas recover the $1,576,374 in identified overpayments;
2. That Novitas implement a system edit that identifies for review line items for multiuse-vial drugs with units of service equivalent to one or more entire vials;
3. That Novitas use the results of the audit in provider education activities.
Novitas concurred with all three recommendations, and commented that claims history adjustments will be initiated.

The OIG audit is part of a national review of the use of Herceptin, which started with a pilot audit, the results of which were released July 10, 2012. Providers can expect a review of this drug in every state. Recovery Audit Contractors (RACs) in two regions have already put Herceptin multiuse vials on their approved issues lists. Connolly in Region C and HealthDataInsights in Region D have approved issues posted for Herceptin. Providers should anticipate that RACs in Regions A and B may follow.
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The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) recently announced it will release a national provider Comparative Billing Report (CBR) targeting Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF) Billing Practices. The CBRs will be released to a maximum of 5,000 providers on August 31, 2012.

The CBRs are produced by Safeguard Services under contract with CMS and will provide comparative data to help show how these individual providers compare to other providers within the same field. These comparative studies are designed to help providers review their coding and billing practices and utilization patterns, and take proactive compliance measures. Providers should view CBRs as a tool, rather than a warning, as a way to aid them in properly complying with Medicare billing rules. It is also important to understand that CBRs do not contain patient or case-specific data, but rather only summary billing information as a method of ensuring privacy.

If you are a recipient of a CBR for SNF Billing Practices, or are among the other provider types that have been identified to receive CBRs (e.g. cardiology services, ordering DME, physical therapists, chiropractors, ambulance, hospice, podiatry, and sleep studies), please contact an experienced healthcare attorney at Wachler & Associates at 248-544-0888 to discuss evaluating the CBR analysis and development of an appropriate compliance plan that will reduce audit risks.

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Since the RAC Demonstration Program launched in 2005 and the final RAC program launched in 2008, Wachler & Associates, P.C. has been instrumental in the effort to obtain full Part B outpatient reimbursement for hospitals where a short-stay inpatient claim has been denied for lack of medical necessity. Although our legal arguments for Part B payment resonated with many administrative law judges (ALJs) and ALJs would issue orders for full Part B reimbursement, we have been trying to establish a precise process to effectuate the orders for full Part B reimbursement, including observation services. Last week, after our ongoing communication with Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and a Medicare Administrative Contractor, we obtained a CMS memorandum which provides a very specific avenue for hospitals to obtain full Part B reimbursement in the event that an inpatient claim is denied as not being medically necessary and reasonable and the ALJ issues an order for outpatient observation services.

The CMS memorandum dated July 13, 2012, is from a number of officials from CMS to “All Fiscal Intermediaries (FIs), Carriers, and Part A and Part B Medicare Administrative Contractors (A/B MACs)”. The memorandum explains that there have been multiple ALJ decisions where the ALJ has upheld the contractors’ denials of the inpatient services as not reasonable and necessary, but then ordered the contractor to pay the hospital full Medicare Part B outpatient reimbursement, including observation. As a result of these ALJ orders, CMS issued mandatory instructions for claims administration contractors to follow in the event that an ALJ decision instructs CMS to make payments for Medicare Part B outpatient/observation services. Most importantly, the instructions require contractors to contact the provider to obtain a Part B claim within 30 calendar days of receipt of the effectuation notice from the Administrative QIC (AdQIC). The instructions note that an order for outpatient/observation services is only required if the ALJ did not specify payment for observation level of care. In instances where the ALJ’s specified coverage of “observation level of care,” observation charges may be added to the replacement claim, as the ALJ is specifically substituting the order to admit for the order for observation. The provider must send the replacement claim to the contractor within 180 days from the date the contractor contacts the provider or else the contractor must close the case and consider effectuation completed.

While the memorandum states that the Manuals do not provide support for this position, CMS recognizes that ALJs are issuing orders for Part B observation services and are directing the claims administration contractors to effectuate an adjusted payment to the hospital in accordance with these decisions. As such, CMS issued this memorandum to clearly instruct claims administration contractors how to effectuate an ALJ’s order for payment for Part B observation services.

Wachler & Associates believes that this is an extremely important advancement in the effort to obtain accurate payment for hospitals where an inpatient short-stay claim has been denied for lack of medical necessity. Although there is still more work to be done to solidify hospitals’ ability to obtain Part B reimbursement, this memo is the most clear indication that we have received from CMS that contractors are now required to effectuate an ALJ’s order for Part B reimbursement. Persuading an ALJ to order payment for observation and all underlying outpatient care is a legal, not a clinical, argument. We have a number of legal arguments and authorities that we rely upon to persuade a judge to issue a precise order for Part B reimbursement, including observation services and underlying outpatient care.
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According to a posted response to a query in the Frequently Asked Questions section of its website, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) have begun Meaningful Use Audits of eligible professionals and eligible hospitals participating in the Medicare and Medicaid EHR Incentive Program.

CMS indicated on the website that the contractor for the audits is Figliozzi and Company. If you are selected for an audit you will receive a letter from Figliozzi and Company on CMS letterhead.

EHR Incentive Programs provide incentive payments to providers and hospitals that implement designated meaningful use EHR technologies. Payment is awarded based on attestations that are submitted by providers. Providers are cautioned to ensure that attestations are accurate. Because the attestation is a statement to receive funding from the federal government, false attestations could be the basis for liability under the Federal False Claims.

We recommend that providers include “self-audits” of meaningful use attestations as part of their compliance program to ensure that they will be able to produce documentation to support the meaningful use attestation statements at the time of a future audit.
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On August 2, 2012 the Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General (OIG) issued a report on questionable billing by Home Health Agencies (HHAs). The report found that in 2010, Medicare paid home health claims totaling approximately $5 million as a result of questionable billing, with three specific errors.

The report included recommendations that CMS:

1. Implement claims processing edits or improve existing edits to prevent inappropriate payments.
2. Increase monitoring of billing for home health services.
3. Enforce and consider lowering the 10% cap on the total outlier payments an HHA may receive annually.
4. Consider imposing a temporary moratorium on new HHA enrollments in Florida and Texas.
5. Take appropriate action regarding inappropriate payments and HHAs with questionable billing.

Among the findings of the report, the OIG found that inappropriate payments were made to HHAs for home health claims that overlapped with claims for inpatient hospital stays, overlapped with claims for skilled nursing facility stays, and had service dates after beneficiaries’ deaths–these errors occurred despite the fact that Medicare has automatic edits in place to eliminate these types of errors.

The OIG also found that in 2010, of the HHAs that were found to have questionable billing practices, 80% of those HHAs were located in either: Texas, Florida, California, or Michigan. In fact, the report indicates that in just those four states, more than 2,000 HHAs had questionable billing. Further, 97% of HHAs identified to have questionable billing were located in states that did not have Certificate of Need policies in place limiting the number of HHAs eligible to operate in the state. Nearly one in four HHAs had questionable billing.

In response, CMS concurred with all five OIG recommendations. CMS did, however, disagree with the amount of inappropriate payments made for home health claims that overlapped with inpatient hospital stays and skilled nursing facility stays. CMS comments indicate that it would be difficult to determine what financial impact overlapping claims would have without specific claim data.
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The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) have announced a Special Open Door Forum on the Recovery Audit Prepayment Review Demonstration Program set to begin August 27, 2012. The Special Open Door Forum will be held August 9, 2012 from 2:00-4:00pm EST. Instructions and materials can be found on the CMS website.
The Recovery Audit Prepayment Review program will allow Recovery Audit Contractors (RACs) to review claims before they are paid. The demonstration program will focus on providers in eleven states: FL, CA, MI, TX, NY, LA, IL, PA, OH, NC, and MO.
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On August 1, 2012 the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) released a Provider Compliance Interactive Map. The map is an interactive online tool that allows users to view state-by-state contact information and websites for contractors and other Medicare resources. The map is intended to simplify access to contact information for providers in each state.
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