"Recovery Audit Contractors"

Published on: August 8, 2012

Breakthrough in the Effort to Obtain Full Part B Reimbursement for Hospitals with Inpatient Claims Denied for Medical Necessity

Since the RAC Demonstration Program launched in 2005 and the final RAC program launched in 2008, Wachler & Associates, P.C. has been instrumental in the effort to obtain full Part B outpatient reimbursement for hospitals where a short-stay inpatient claim has been denied for lack of medical necessity. Although our legal arguments for Part B payment resonated with many administrative law judges (ALJs) and ALJs would issue orders for full Part B reimbursement, we have been trying to establish a precise process to effectuate the orders for full Part B reimbursement, including observation services. Last week, after our ongoing communication with Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and a Medicare Administrative Contractor, we obtained a CMS memorandum which provides a very specific avenue for hospitals to obtain full Part B reimbursement in the event that an inpatient claim is denied as not being medically necessary and reasonable and the ALJ issues an order for outpatient observation services.

The CMS memorandum dated July 13, 2012, is from a number of officials from CMS to “All Fiscal Intermediaries (FIs), Carriers, and Part A and Part B Medicare Administrative Contractors (A/B MACs)”. The memorandum explains that there have been multiple ALJ decisions where the ALJ has upheld the contractors’ denials of the inpatient services as not reasonable and necessary, but then ordered the contractor to pay the hospital full Medicare Part B outpatient reimbursement, including observation. As a result of these ALJ orders, CMS issued mandatory instructions for claims administration contractors to follow in the event that an ALJ decision instructs CMS to make payments for Medicare Part B outpatient/observation services. Most importantly, the instructions require contractors to contact the provider to obtain a Part B claim within 30 calendar days of receipt of the effectuation notice from the Administrative QIC (AdQIC). The instructions note that an order for outpatient/observation services is only required if the ALJ did not specify payment for observation level of care. In instances where the ALJ’s specified coverage of “observation level of care,” observation charges may be added to the replacement claim, as the ALJ is specifically substituting the order to admit for the order for observation. The provider must send the replacement claim to the contractor within 180 days from the date the contractor contacts the provider or else the contractor must close the case and consider effectuation completed.

While the memorandum states that the Manuals do not provide support for this position, CMS recognizes that ALJs are issuing orders for Part B observation services and are directing the claims administration contractors to effectuate an adjusted payment to the hospital in accordance with these decisions. As such, CMS issued this memorandum to clearly instruct claims administration contractors how to effectuate an ALJ’s order for payment for Part B observation services.

Wachler & Associates believes that this is an extremely important advancement in the effort to obtain accurate payment for hospitals where an inpatient short-stay claim has been denied for lack of medical necessity. Although there is still more work to be done to solidify hospitals’ ability to obtain Part B reimbursement, this memo is the most clear indication that we have received from CMS that contractors are now required to effectuate an ALJ’s order for Part B reimbursement. Persuading an ALJ to order payment for observation and all underlying outpatient care is a legal, not a clinical, argument. We have a number of legal arguments and authorities that we rely upon to persuade a judge to issue a precise order for Part B reimbursement, including observation services and underlying outpatient care.
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Published on: August 6, 2012

CMS to Hold Special Open Door Forum on RAC Audit Prepayment Review Program

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) have announced a Special Open Door Forum on the Recovery Audit Prepayment Review Demonstration Program set to begin August 27, 2012. The Special Open Door Forum will be held August 9, 2012 from 2:00-4:00pm EST. Instructions and materials can be found on the CMS website.
The Recovery Audit Prepayment Review program will allow Recovery Audit Contractors (RACs) to review claims before they are paid. The demonstration program will focus on providers in eleven states: FL, CA, MI, TX, NY, LA, IL, PA, OH, NC, and MO.
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Published on: August 3, 2012

CMS Considers Changing its Policy Regarding the Services That can be Rebilled to Medicare Part B

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

In the recently issued Hospital Outpatient Prospective Payment System (OPPS) Proposed Rule for 2013, CMS is soliciting comments regarding policy changes that could be made on the issue of inpatient versus outpatient admission. (To view the CMS factsheet please click here.) CMS is seeking comments on potential changes which could provide some clarity for providers and hospitals regarding inpatient versus outpatient status for purposes of Medicare payment. Comments are due by September 4, 2012.

Currently, when a patient presents to the hospital in a short-stay case, the hospital must decide whether to admit the patient as an inpatient or treat him/her as an outpatient. This decision is not always clear in light of existing Medicare guidance, and the wrong choice can have severe repercussions for the hospital. If the provider orders an inpatient stay, and later, the Recovery Audit Contract (RAC) concludes that the care should have been provided at an outpatient level, the care is deemed not medically reasonable and necessary. Under the current system for reimbursement, the hospital is not reimbursed under Part B for the outpatient services provided unless the hospital undertakes an appeal of the claim denial and is successful before an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ).

Hospitals, in an effort to mitigate costs, err on the side of outpatient care. CMS notes that this practice has doubled in the last four years and that it has a detrimental effect on Medicare beneficiaries.
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Published on: July 13, 2012

Recent RAC Activity

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

CGI has added a new issue to its approved issues list for Region B:

Outpatient Bevacizumab (Avastin) services: Bevacizumab (Avastin) represents 10mg per unit and should be billed one (1) unit for every 10mg per patient. Claims for J9035 should be submitted so that the billed units represent the administered units, not the total number of milligrams.

HealthDataInsights has posted a new issue to its approved issues list:

Multi-use vial wastage: Herceptin (Trastuzumab). Multi-use vials are not subject to payment for discarded amounts of drug or biological. Per, the manufacturer label, J9355 Injection, Trastuzumab, 10mg (Herceptin) is only supplied in a multi-use vial. Providers should only bill the units associated with the dose administered to the patient.
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Published on: June 1, 2012

Recent RAC Activity

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

On May 29, 2012, Connolly added new approved issues to its Approved Issues List for providers in Region C states. The new approved issues are across five categories and include:

• Medical Necessity: Other O.R. Procedure of the Blood & Blood Forming Organs MS-DRG 802, 803, 804 W/MCC, W/CC, w/o CC/MCC CMS Issue Number: C000672012. RACs will review documentation to validate the medical necessity of short stay, uncomplicated admissions. Medicare only pays for inpatient hospital services that are medically necessary for the setting billed and that are coded correctly. Medical documentation will be reviewed to determine that the services were medically necessary and were billed correctly for MS-DRG 802, 803 and 804.

• Medical Necessity: Disease and Disorders of the Female Reproductive System MS-DRG 750, w/o CC/MCC CMS Issue Number: C000642012. RACs will review documentation to validate the medical necessity of short stay, uncomplicated admissions. Medicare only pays for inpatient hospital services that are medically necessary for the setting billed and that are coded correctly. Medical documentation will be reviewed to determine that the services were medically necessary and were billed correctly for MS-DRG 750.

• Medical Necessity: Diseases and Disorders of the Kidney and Urinary Tract MS-DRG’S 656,659,662,665,671,686,687,709,710 and 711 W/CC, W/MCC, w/o CC/MCC CMS Issue Number: C000622012. RACs will review documentation to validate the medical necessity of short stay, uncomplicated admissions. Medicare only pays for inpatient hospital services that are medically necessary for the setting billed and that are coded correctly. Medical documentation will be reviewed to determine that the services were medically necessary and were billed correctly for MS-DRG’S 656, 659, 662, 665, 671, 686, 687, 709, 710 and 711.

For a full list of Approved Issues in RAC Region C, visit the Connolly website.
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Published on: April 6, 2012

Recent RAC Activity

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

On April 2, 2012 DCS Healthcare posted new approved issues to its approved issues list for some Region A states. Among them were two issues for skilled nursing facilities:

· CT Scans, Head and Neck, Incorrect Billing: Potential incorrect billing of CT scans not supported by medical necessity (NGS LCD 28516 (A48015))

· CT Scans, Trunk and Extremities, Incorrect Billing: Potential incorrect billing of CT scans not supported by medical necessity (NGS LCD 28516 (A48015))

In late March 2012, CGI posted a new approved issue to its approved issues list for Region B states. The new issue involves a complex medical necessity review:

· Minor Musculoskeletal Procedures ; MS-DRGs 479, 484, 494, 497, 499, 502, 508, 509, 512, 517 (Medical Necessity): The purpose of this complex review is to identify claims that have been reviewed validating medical necessity in short stay, uncomplicated admissions. This review will identify if medical necessity was met per Medicare guidelines.

On March 23, 2012, Connolly added new approved issues to its approved issues list for Region C states:

· Hospice Related Services -Outpatient CMS Issue Number: C000162012: Services related to a Hospice terminal diagnosis provided during a Hospice period are included in the Hospice payment and are not paid separately.

· Excessive Drug Units Billed – Carrier (At this time, Medical Necessity will be excluded from this review) CMS Issue Number: C001562011: Drugs and Biologicals should be billed in multiples of the dosage specified in the HCPCS code long descriptor. The number of units billed should be assigned based on the dosage increment specified in that HCPCS long descriptor, and correspond to the actual amount of the drug administered to the patient, including any appropriate, discarded drug waste. If the drug dose used in the care of a patient is not a multiple of the HCPCS code dosage descriptor, the provider rounds to the next highest unit. Drug waste should be coded according to the requirements of the local contractor. Claims billed with excessive units will be reviewed to determine the correct number of billable/payable units.

On March 19, 2012, HealthDataInsights added several new issues to its approved issues list for Region D states:

· Acute Inpatient Hospitalization – Major Male Pelvic Procedures with CC/MC (DRG 707): Medicare pays for inpatient hospital services that are medically necessary for the setting billed. Medical documentation will be reviewed to determine that services were medically necessary.

· Acute Inpatient Admission – OR Procedure with Principal Diagnosis of Mental Illness (DRG 876): Medicare pays for inpatient hospital services that are medically necessary for the setting billed. Medical documentation will be reviewed to determine that services were medically necessary.
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Published on: February 6, 2012

CMS Announces New Start Date for Prior Authorization of PMDs and Recovery Audit Prepayment Review Demonstration Programs

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has announced that the Prior Authorization of Power Mobility Devices (PMDs) and the Recovery Audit Prepayment Review Demonstration Programs are expected to move forward on or after June 1, 2012. On December 30, 2011, the two demonstrations were delayed from their initial January 1, 2012 start date. Although CMS initially announced the demonstration programs in November 2011, CMS decided to delay the programs’ implementations after receiving considerable feedback from the provider communities affected by the programs.

In its most recent announcement, CMS stated that the demonstrations programs will begin once they receive Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) Office of Management and Budget control numbers.

The Prior Authorization of PMDs demonstration program will be initiated in California, Illinois, Michigan, New York, North Carolina, Florida, and Texas. These are all states with high populations of fraud- and error- prone providers. The demonstration will implement a prior authorization process for scooters and power wheelchairs.

As a result of comments CMS received from providers and suppliers, significant modifications have been made to the Prior Authorization of PMDs demonstration program. Most importantly for suppliers, the 100% pre-payment review phase has been removed. Many interested parties had raised the concern that suppliers would be adversely financially impacted by the 100% pre-payment review phase, thus CMS eliminated it and the demonstration will begin immediately with the prior authorization phase. There was also concern regarding the inconsistency of suppliers in some states experiencing 100% pre-payment review, while suppliers in other states were required to receive prior authorizations. The pre-payment review phase was planned to last from between three to nine months for each state, so while one state might only be in that phase for three months, another state might be for nine. As a result, all demonstration states will start prior authorization at approximately the same time instead of the staggered start times as originally planned.

CMS also received many concerns about the ordering physician possibly not being in the best position to submit the prior authorization request. Under the modified demonstration, the physician/treating practitioner or supplier, on behalf of the physician/treating practitioner, may perform the administrative function of submitting the prior authorization request.

The Pre-Payment Review Demonstration Program did not receive any significant changes and will be implemented as proposed in November.

Published on: January 23, 2012

RACs Target Skilled Nursing Facilities with High Therapy Resource Utilization Groups

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

Recent Recovery Audit Contractor (RAC) activity demonstrates that the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) may soon allow RACs to target skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) with certain levels of Ultra High Therapy Resource Utilization Groups (RUGs).

Although Ultra High Therapy Resource Utilization Groups are not currently a CMS-approved audit topic, RACs are permitted to audit “test claims” and suggest new audit activity based on the results. In a recent demand letter, the RAC stated that the Office of Inspector General (OIG) of the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services has found an “overwhelming majority of error in assignments by providers under the RUGs categorization system to Ultra High Therapy RUGs, resulting in overpayments to SNFs.”

These claims arose out of a 2010 OIG report which alleged that 1) SNFs are increasingly billing higher-paying RUGs, 2) for-profit SNFs are more likely than nonprofit SNFs to bill for higher-paying RUGs, and 3) in general, many SNFs maintain questionable billing for therapy services.

Published on: November 8, 2010

CMS Publishes Proposed Rule Regarding Medicaid RAC Activities

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) published a proposed rule on November 5 regarding RAC activities for Medicaid programs. Section 6411 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) requires states to contract with one or more Medicaid RACs by December 31, 2010. By that date, states are also required to submit to CMS a State Plan Amendment (SPA) which documents the initiation of the Medicaid RAC program. The proposed rule stated April 1, 2011 as a goal for Medicaid RAC implementation.

The proposed rule addresses four main points including contingency fees, reporting, appeals and coordination of audit efforts. Comments are requested on the current methodologies for determining the maximum contingency fees allowed under the Medicaid RAC program. According to the proposed rule, no state will pay a contingency fee higher than the maximum allowed under the Medicare RAC program, unless it provides ample justification for an exception based on the existing state law. States must also provide incentives for the identification of underpayments to the Medicaid payments.

In addition, under the proposed rule states will report to the federal government only the net amount of collected overpayments after contingency fees that were paid to the contractor have been subtracted from the total. Each state will be required to refund the federal share of the net overpayment amount to the federal government. States will also have to issue reports describing the effectiveness of their Medicaid RAC programs.

Published on: October 8, 2010

American Hospital Association Releases RACTrac Survey

by Wachler & Associates, P.C.

In September the American Hospital Association (AHA) released its RACTrac for the second quarter of 2010. RACTrac is a nationwide survey conducted by the AHA which documents the ongoing Recovery Audit Contractor (RAC) activity. The purpose of the survey is to fill the void of information provided by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) on the RAC program’s impact on hospitals.

RACTrac reported that 1,389 hospitals participated in the survey from all of the RAC regions. During the first quarter of 2010, more than two thirds of these hospitals experienced RAC activity. The survey results indicated that the RACs primarily engaged in complex reviews. For instance, during the first quarter of 2010, 88 percent (over $15.5 million) of the reported RAC activity by hospitals participating in the survey was involved in complex reviews, while 20 percent was involved in automated reviews. Complex reviews require human review of the medical records and a determination of whether or not an improper payment was made. If an improper payment is identified, the hospital will receive a letter stating that the associated claim has been “denied.” Automated reviews, however, involve a claim determination without human review of the medical records. Instead, the RACs utilize software to detect certain types of errors. The RAC will send a demand letter to the hospital, providing notice that an overpayment has been detected.

Participating hospitals also reported appealing 16 percent of the RAC denials available for appeal. Of the claims that had completed the appeals process at the time of the survey, 13 percent were overturned in favor of the provider. However, 1,571 of the claims are still in the appeals process and the overturned rate may increase once the appeals process is complete.